منابع مشابه
Operant Conditioning: An Overview
Classical, or Pavlovian, conditioning is a process by which new emotional and glandular reactions develop in response to previously neutral stimuli in the environment. But classical conditioning doesn't explain how we develop new skills or behaviors instrumental in changing our external environments. That learning process involves what is typically referred to as instrumental, or operant, condi...
متن کاملOperant conditioning of head-waving in Aplysia. I. Identified muscles involved in the operant response.
A basic goal in the neurosciences is to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying associative learning. The 2 major forms of associative learning are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In recent years considerable progress has been made towards a cellular analysis of classical conditioning in a number of different preparations. In contrast, the cellular mechanisms underlying o...
متن کاملMathematical description of operant behavior: an introduction
Behavior analysts are interested in describing functional relations between classes of independent variables and classes of dependent variables. To be most useful such descriptions should be precise, succinct, and applicable to a wide range of particular cases. In psychology, including behavior analysis, most scientific descriptions are couched in a modified version of everyday language (e.g., ...
متن کاملAn operant reinforcement method of treating depression.
A method of treating depression based on an operant reinforcement perspective was evaluated with 29 depressed persons. The procedure included increased reinforcer utilization, behavioral contrast, overcorrection, reinforcer sampling and stimulus control by positive events. Also, training was given in skills related to the cause of the depression such as communication, job-finding, marital and s...
متن کاملAwareness and the operant conditioning of a cooperative response.
Investigators with an operant conditioning orientation have produced evidence that conditioning can occur without awareness, whereas workers from a cognitive learning theory point of view, employing somewhat different experimetnal procedures, have obtained results supporting the hypothesis that conditioning only occurs in subjects who become aware of the response-reinforcement contingency. More...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Learning and Motivation
سال: 1970
ISSN: 0023-9690
DOI: 10.1016/0023-9690(70)90100-1